Donors were faced with providing nearly $300m in emergency aid to cope with the crisis.
Since then, Freddie has tapped nearly $51 billion in government aid to cope with mounting loan defaults, while Fannie has taken about $34 billion.
But the catastrophe could still be mitigated.Two weeks after the United Nations launched an emergency appeal for aid to cope with the disaster, less than a sixth of the $550m it needed at once had been raised.
Its then leader, Kim Jong-il, signalled a readiness to resume six-party nuclear talks during a visit to China, and indicated a willingness to accept Southern aid to cope with major flood damage.
Carol Batchelor, a spokeswoman for the UN refugee agency in Turkey, told the BBC that the country needed urgent aid to cope with the influx - including food, blankets and winter clothing, "particularly for children".
Following the storm, Tonga requested international aid to cope with the scale of damage.
But while Europe copes with tens of thousands, Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey urgently need more aid to cope with millions.
"Europe will need to do far more to provide for asylum seekers within our borders," he writes, "but while Europe copes with tens of thousands, Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey urgently need more aid to cope with millions".
In exchange, Turkey is seeking more aid to cope with their refugee crisis, visa-free travel for Turkish citizens to Europe and to speed up country's application to join the EU.
Moreover, the upregulation of all 14 proteins implicated in benzoate degradation via the catechol ortho-cleavage pathway was observed, while several stress-response proteins were increased to aid cells to cope with benzoate toxicity.
