A well-designed lesson should be able to prime learners to activate the correct knowledge, and then aid learners in placing the new pieces of knowledge into their existing knowledge structures.
We propose that the greater amount of motor and pre-motor activity associated with gesture during the act of encoding will aid learners at the time of retrieval because the learning signal will have been strengthened.
Shared learning can be more effective because hearing a difficult topic explained to others can aid learners' understanding.
This feature aids learner navigation by providing better control over the learning process and is particularly useful for long videos.
Several studies support the idea that performing tracing activities with fingers and other simple hand movements can aid learners (e.g. Agostinho et al., 2015; Brooks & Goldin-Meadow, 2016; Dubé & McEwen, 2015; Ginns, Hu, Byrne, & Bobis, 2016; Hu, Ginns, & Bobis, 2015; Ouwehand, van Gog, & Paas, 2016).
For example, a patient record may contain an acronym that is not widely known, and such a patient record may be annotated with meta-information describing the meaning of the acronym in order to aid the learner.
Previous work has shown that outcome feedback (or knowledge of results) on the magnitude and sign of error aids the learner in enhancing calibration of an informational variable to a task variable (i.e., I t) and T t) in Eq. 1; see, e.g., Cabe & Wagman, 2010; Wagman, McBride & Trefzger, 2008; Withagen & Michaels, 2005).
It distinguishes between two types of verbal aids: regulatory, which guide the learners' decision making process during learning, and explanatory, which help learners to revise their understanding of the to-be-learned contents.
Critically, in the four-choice condition of this experiment, positive and negative feedback carried different amounts of information, and thereby could be perceived by learners as aiding them in reaching their goal of task mastery to different degrees, leading to differential caudate activity.
They also note there are "additional tools and resources" which should aid non-visual learners to better understand coding environments.
