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Teachers holding more traditional or adult-centered beliefs would agree with items such as "The most important thing to teach children is absolute obedience to whoever is in authority".
These finding agree with items of the D&D factor that are related to the manner of death, fear over having no control over how one dies, or even feeling pain before dying.
Examples of response style tendencies include extreme response style (ERS, i.e., a tendency to respond using only the extreme endpoints of a rating scale), anti-ERS (i.e., a tendency to avoid the extreme endpoints of a rating scale), acquiescent response style (i.e., a tendency to always agree with items, regardless of content), and many others.
However, those results are not surprising as acquiescent response bias[ 23- 25], which is the tendency to agree with items rather than disagree, and social desirability bias[ 26], which is the will to give a positive self-image to the physician, are well-known phenomena when measuring patient satisfaction and self-declared compliance.
In contrast, people who find it more challenging to agree with items related to comprehending one's life meaning and having a clear sense of purpose (in this case respondents from Australia and New Zealand), may be more attentive to the things that add life meaning.
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They agree with item 22 in Table 5, column "Estimate".
Regarding the scientific validity of evolutionary theory, over half of the participants agreed with items such as "current evolutionary theory is the result of sound scientific research and methodology" (58.8%) and "evolutionary theory generates testable predictions with respect to the characteristics of life" (55.5%).
Asking respondents to agree or disagree with attitudinal statements may be associated with acquiescence - respondents agreeing with items regardless of their content [ 42].
In regard to BPD, clinicians reported either over-involvement or flee (i.e., agreeing with items describing strong negative feelings, such as dread, repulsion).
Ceiling effects were apparent for four of the 16 negatively worded items among non-insulin using participants (>20% and <32% strongly agreed with items 1, 2, 5 and 6) but none were apparent among insulin using participants.
Based upon the actual pattern of responses, the Rasch transformation simultaneously results in an estimation of a person's fatigue interference measure as well as measures (calibrations) of each item along a calibrated continuum: from items that are easier to agree with to items that are harder to agree with.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com