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'Violent videogames cause an increase in aggression long after the game has been turned off' is the headline for one 2010 study, which draws this conclusion by linking a 20-minute gaming session with an abstract aggression test 24 hours later, and differentiating between players who had 'thought' about the game in the interim and those who hadn't.
For each aggression test, an overall aggression index (AI) was computed according to the formula [63]: <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info?doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0012377.e001.PNG" class= inline-graphic"/> where ai and ti are respectively the aggression level and total duration of each action, and T is the total interaction time.
Five minutes before each aggression test, individual ants were removed from their rearing boxes and placed in individual plastic vials (diameter 2 cm, height 5 cm; fluon coated sides).
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In aggression tests, both high and low dose males exhibited greater frequency of aggressive behaviors compared to controls, while no difference in aggression was evident in the females.
We compared behavioural indices in three standardized aggression tests (using a regular mirror, a nonreversing mirror or a size-matched, three-dimensional inanimate model) and in real fights to examine which test best predicted aggression in real fights between mangrove rivulus fish, Kryptolebias marmoratus.
By combining the available literature on this topic, we sought to highlight effective methods for laboratory aggression testing and provide recommendations for study design as well as aggression induction and measurement in rodents that are translational to humans, taking into consideration possible confounding factors.
The focal ants were removed from their home colonies immediately before the aggression tests.
Discrimination abilities of treated ants were assessed using standard aggression tests, each worker being tested only once.
Ants were then gently released from the restraining device and immediately tested for their discrimination abilities in aggression tests.
Thirdly, we performed assignment tests using STRUCTURE 2.2 [29], [30], [30] to determine to what extent the patterns obtained with aggression tests correlated with genetic differentiation between supercolonies.
Aggression tests in which the focal ant did not contact the target ant during the three minute trial were excluded from the analysis (n = 62 tests).
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