In a 2009 meta-analysis, Craig Ferguson and John Kilburn argued that many studies use poorly validated or unreliable aggression measures, and that there was a bias in the research literature towards only publishing studies showing a significant link between video games and aggressive behaviour.
After fasting for nearly 12 h, the men had increased levels of aggression as measured by multiple aggression measures including the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (CMHO).
No changes occurred on anger and on explicit as well as implicit aggression measures.
Richards et al. [16] found that the participants with elevated scores on hostility and aggression measures also had increased cholesterol levels.
Interestingly, the winners' level of aggression measured as the latency to first attack, the number of attacks and the total time spent attacking is correlated with the Th and Snca mRNA levels in the VTA.
Age was not significantly associated with any of the aggression measures.
Children from below national-average family income homes scored higher than others on most aggression measures (Table 1).
