C∗ is the concentration at which most of the Nafion primary rod-like perfluoro backbone aggregation particles aggregate to form secondary ionic aggregations.
It is demonstrated that the bead production mechanism is a multistep process including liquid-like precursor formation, nanocrystal nucleation and aggregation, aggregate combination and bead growth.
Due to the stochastic nature of httex1 aggregation, aggregate frequency increased both population-wide and per cell following expression of scFv-6E, with qualitatively more cells containing multiple cytoplasmic aggregates (Fig. 5A).
In other words, it is not yet known whether a specific conformer of PABPN1-17ala is toxic and participates in the disease symptoms, or whether the mutation leads to two independent phenomena: protein misfunction and aggregation, aggregates being a read-out of, but not directly involved in, the disease process.
Equation (3) implies negligible contribution of homo aggregation (ENPs aggregating with each other) to ENP loss, since homo aggregation is known to behave as a second-order process (Areepitak and Ren, 2011; von Smoluchowski, 1912).
The first stage can be summarized in Figs. 3 and 4. Figure 3 shows the possible envelope of aggregation when aggregating two models with an average accuracy of 87%.
The initially formed basic aggregation units aggregate forming fractal clusters, accordingly to an RLCA process characterized by a temperature dependent rate constant (i.e. higher is the temperature faster is the aggregation rate).
Dynamic light scattering results are consistent with X-ray diffraction results, both of which suggest that higher pH, ionic strength, and temperature induce greater degrees of aggregation, with particles aggregated at pH 10 being the largest.
In D. melanogaster, its aggregation pheromone induces aggregated oviposition.
