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Aggregated outcomes improved significantly in three trials [ 9, 13, 14].
We aggregated outcomes data at the study level and performed statistical calculations with Review Manager (RevMan) 5.0 (2009; The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) using random-effects models [ 23], which incorporate both within-study and between-study variation and generally provide more conservative effect estimates when heterogeneity is present.
The target audiences for health economic studies are usually central reimbursement authorities, which have an interest in aggregated outcomes.
Such aggregated outcomes such as 'proportion of women developing pre-eclampsia' conceal a range of severity of disorder and so it was not possible to explore fully whether the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy differed according to risk.
In those trials that recruited a proportion of individuals with diabetes, hypertension, depression, coronary heart disease, or obesity, only aggregated outcomes across all trial participants were reported, restricting the use of subgroup analyses to determine effectiveness of exercise referral schemes within specific populations.
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A study might assign different approved, widely used blood pressure drugs to different patients and compare who did better or what their side effects were through aggregated data outcomes from patients' electronic health records.
Firstly, we aggregated all outcomes listed in table 3, after standardizing them, and estimated the effect on this aggregate, which we refer to as the aggregate index.
This study aggregated the outcomes of 3440 colorectal cancer patients from 11 individual trials, revealing that CDKN2A hypermethylation is a significant predictor for poor OS of colorectal cancer patients (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.29 2.11).
"By linking detailed individual choices and aggregate outcomes, his research has helped transform the fields of microeconomics, macroeconomics, and development economics".
The ordoliberal emphasis on personal responsibility fostered an unreasoning hostility to the idea that actions that are individually responsible do not automatically produce desirable aggregate outcomes.
But, to put it bluntly, the belief that an economist can fully specify in advance how aggregate outcomes – and thus the potential level of economic activity – unfold over time is bogus.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com