Praxair saves more than $100m per year in sustainability-driven productivity savings through aggregating benefits from thousands of closely managed projects, yielding more than 4% improvement in their annual operating income.
Finally, in the case of benefit-risk assessments decision makers may be reluctant to aggregate benefits and risks into one score [ 29].
But since the newly available products are often of niche interest only, the aggregate benefit to consumers is small.
The chief executive of AGL, Andy Vesey, told Guardian Australia: "The beauty of the project is it's being done over 1,000 batteries, and that's how we deliver an aggregate benefit to the grid itself.
For example, an air-pollution regulation might kick in at 50 employees that creates a significant cost for the employer and little aggregate benefit for his employees but creates a significant benefit for the people of France.
For all the aggregate benefit, though, falling real wages hurt workers in many sectors.By contrast bad deflation results when demand runs chronically below the economy's capacity to supply goods and services, leaving an output gap.
Although the mechanical properties of the chert aggregates increase the concrete strength, the physical properties of the carbonate aggregates benefit largely the concrete strength.
And by the way, just going back to NAFTA for a second, I don't dispute that there may have been some modest aggregate benefit in terms of lowering prices on consumer goods for example.
That does not mean, however, that regulatory reforms should be made at all costs, but rather that the cost borne by those affected by regulation must be considered based on the aggregate benefit and weighed against the collective cost of reform.
