Lattice strain relations obtained by radial diffraction measurements on non-hydrostatically compressed iron were analyzed to estimate the single-crystal elastic moduli, and hence the aggregate velocities, up to 220 GPa at ambient temperature (Mao et al., 1998).
Alternatively, Rietveld refinement has been exploited to estimate the Debye-Waller factor and then to calculate the aggregate velocities starting from X-ray diffraction measurements on hcp-Fe up to 300 GPa and 1,200 K (Dubrovinski et al., 2001).
Using three different permeability correlations (Brinkman, Happel and Carmen Kozeny), it is demonstrated through comparison with aggregate settling velocity data that the single-particle-fractal model does not provide realistic predictions of settling velocity as a function of aggregate size.
The influences of the strength (hardness), size and volumetric ratio of coarse aggregate, incident velocity of the projectile (510 850 m/s) as well as the repeated strikes on the depth of penetration (DOP), area and volume of the impact crater, as well as the structural integrity and mass loss of the projectile were discussed.
Nonetheless, aggregate sound velocities of hcp-Fe have been determined up to 115 GPa with this method (Crowhurst et al., 2004).
IXS in combination with XRD has been largely used to measure the aggregate compressional sound velocity as a function of density.
The index of aggregate position and velocity errors has been reduced to 61.4%, regardless of feedrate variation, after the experimental gain tuning.
Our results also show that the addition of 0.4 to 1.0 wt.% H2O into the quartz aggregate causes a velocity drop of 3%to4%4% at the pressures and temperatures of the middle crust (0.5 GPa, 25°C to 500°C), which suggests that one possible reason for low seismic velocities (-5%) is 1 wt.% H2O fluid-filled rock in the hypocentral zone.
It is known that erythrocytes tend to aggregate with lower velocities of circulating blood, and erythrocyte aggregation may contribute to the margination and adhesion of leukocytes and platelets to the vessel wall [ 37].
The addition of a small number of flocculants could significantly change the size and density of aggregates and increase the rising velocity of aggregates.
