Megafauna are the principal agents of soil turnover and distribution; this movement loosens soil structure, improves aeration and drainage, and distributes soil microorganisms.
Gauging the degradational significance of wildfires has relied on comparison with unburnt land, but the focus for comparison should be switched to other agents of soil disturbance and/or currently poorly understood soil renewal rates.
Steinernema longicaudum X7, H. bacteriophora H06 and S. carpocapsae All are commonly used biocontrol agents of soil insect pests in many world regions (Poinar Jr., 1990; Shen and Wang, 1991; Yan et al., 2013) and served as positive controls.
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are promising biological control agents of soil-dwelling insect pests of many crops.
Compared to other strains, Pcc30 was a weak biocontrol agent and colonizer of soil and rhizosphere of pistachio.
Surfactin can also be used as bioremediation agent for treatment of soil and water (Mulligan 2005).
Archaea are shown to be potentially important biogeochemical agents of biological soil crust N cycling.
The new method provides a more realistic laboratory approach to assessing potential freeze-thaw impacts, and the effects of de-icing agents on soils beneath roads, and in different settings.
This can cause (i) consolidation of low levels of organic carbon stored in the soil; (ii) reduction in the levels of organic carbon because of the onset of erosion processes; and (iii) differing rates of recovery of the soil in response to environmental factors including precipitation, which is a principal agent of indirect recharge of soil organic matter.
We evaluated the effect of soil wetting agent formulation, and application frequency, on water repellency in sandy soil with two contrasting organic matter (OM) contents under kikuyugrass [Pennisetum clandestinum (Holst. Ex Chiov ], and irrigated at 60% replacement of net evaporation in a climate subject to hot, dry summers.
