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In other circumstances, time trend effects can be caused by learning effects of the test subjects in behavioural and life sciences, heating or ageing of material in prototype experiments, etc.
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Ageing of materials or pre-treatment through leaching is needed prior to their use in construction to avoid peak concentrations.
However, due to the ageing of materials and to aggressive environmental actions which cause deterioration, the response of these structures, just like others, changes over time, resulting in a loss of performance.
Mean age theory extends the usefulness of the concept by providing spatial distributions of the mean age of material inside a system using an innovative steady-state approach that incorporates time as a passive scalar, but has been limited to single phase systems.
"Traditionally, scientific analysis has been able to distinguish authenticity by the nature and age of materials," she said.
The supercomputer at the lab, expected to be completed by 2004, will use its 130,000 processors to simulate physical phenomena like the aging of materials, fires and explosions, potentially useful in safety and security planning.
Aging of materials can have significant effects on the structural performance of highway bridges.
While aging of materials was clearly observed in a reduction of denitrification by 60 70% during the experiment, systems still worked very well until the end of the experiment.
Wear can be an indication of the ageing of the material and end of life situation.
The freezing-thawing cycles and ageing of asphalt material are recognized as critical factors that could affect the durability of asphalt pavement.
In short term tests further ageing of the material during the measurement period can be ignored whereas in long term tests it cannot.
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