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All test results were expressed in age-related values and an age-related value below -1.64 SD was considered abnormal [ 30].
An age-related value below -1.64 SD (one-sided test, 95% confidence interval) was considered as abnormal for the tests determining E/I ratio, AI and BI [13). Concerning the VAC-index, high Z-scores, >1.64 SD above controls are abnormal [9].
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Results were compared to locally derived normal age-related values.
The test results of the deep-breathing test were interpreted according to normal age-related values [ 19].
To match for age, test results were expressed in age-related values – that is standard deviation (SD), as previously described [ 12].
Although locally derived normal age-related values were taken into consideration the criteria were similar to those used internationally [ 12, 13].
Ewing's battery is currently the gold standard in clinical autonomic testing, but it requires patient cooperation and use of normal age-related values.
19 Unfortunately, very few studies are available regarding the age-related predictive value of CIMT and plaques for stable CAD in the Chinese population.
An E/I ratio below the age-related reference value, a Valsalva ratio <1.2, and a posture ratio <1.03 were considered abnormal (14).
"Shock" was defined as a systolic blood pressure that was < 2 Standard Deviations SDD) of the age-related mean value or severely decreased peripheral perfusion during physical examination.
This revealed a deletion of approximately 1.3 kb comprising the 3′-end of intron 4 and the 5′-end of intron 7.> -wrap-foot> Values in italics are elevated compared with age-related reference values.
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