The last decades are being characterized by global trends such as population growth, aging, escalation of non communicable diseases and technological innovation.
Other books of Brodie's dealing with nuclear strategy include The Atomic Bomb and American Security (1945), Strategy in the Missile Age (1959), Escalation and the Nuclear Option (1966), and From Crossbow to H-Bomb, which he wrote in 1973 in collaboration with his wife, Fawn M. Brodie, a prominent historian.
The age de-escalation approach is often used in testing pediatric vaccines but "had not been discussed" for the anthrax vaccine, said commission member Christine Grady, bioethics chief at the National Institutes of Health's Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland.
The trial reported here is the next in a series of age de-escalation steps towards the EPI age range, contributing to adjuvant and schedule selection.
RTS,S/AS01E proved similarly as well tolerated and immunogenic as RTS,S/AS02D, completing an essential step in the age de-escalation process within the RTS,S clinical development plan.
As an Adjuvant System, age de-escalation and schedule selection step, this study assessed 3 schedules of RTS,S/AS01E and RTS,S/AS02D in infants and young children 5 17 months of age in Ghana.
The trial reported here is one of several age de-escalation, Adjuvant System and schedule selection steps undertaken prior to the conduct of a phase 3 RTS,S trial.
Studies aiming at confirmation of safety, further age de-escalation, schedule optimization, assessment of efficacy against malaria, and interaction of RTS,S/AS01E with EPI vaccines are currently being performed in various parts of Africa.
As part of an age de-escalation step in the RTS,S clinical vaccine development plan, we conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of RTS,S/AS01E and RTS,S/AS02D in children aged 18 months to 4 years living in Gabon.
Along with population growth and ageing, the escalation in mortality rates means that the component of change in deaths due to risk is large; in female subjects, it is responsible for a 50.5% increase in lung cancer deaths, and a 54.8% increase in breast cancer by 2000, a change that exceeds the contribution due to population growth and ageing (Table 3).
