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Discover LudwigThe phrase "against challenge" is not correct and does not convey a clear meaning in written English.
It may be intended to express opposition to a challenge, but the phrasing is awkward and unclear.
Example: "The team stood united against challenge, ready to face any obstacles that came their way."
Alternatives: "in opposition to the challenge" or "in defiance of the challenge".
Exact(60)
Mice immunized with recombinant virus were protected against challenge infection.
Antibody concentrations, cytokine production and protection against challenge were compared.
All immunized mice were protected against challenge with a lethal dose of T. cruzi trypomastigotes.
However, when CP923 was used the immunogen, protection was not observed against challenge with CP9.
Animals that were infected with CSFm2v were protected against challenge with virulent parental BICv.
Immunity was associated with protection against challenge with recombinant vaccinia gag at an airway surface.
The mutant virus induced protective immunity in cattle against challenge with parental A24WT.
M-BoNT/A1W vaccination protected against challenge by 106 LD50 Units of native BoNT/A1, while M-BoNT/A1 or M-BoNT/A1W vaccination equally protected against challenge by native BoNT/A2, a BoNT subtype.
Animal vaccination trials showed that the rGST-4E was more immunogenic than mono-epitope peptide and was able to produce effective immune protection in rabbits against challenge with hog cholera lapinized virus, and in pigs against challenge with virulent CSFV.
Importantly, ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔMGF does not induce protection against challenge with the virulent parental ASFV-G isolate.
Intranasal vaccination of mice with this construct, without the use of adjuvant, resulted in 40% protection against challenge infection.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com