Compared to the fourth (best) quartile, persons in the first three quartiles for perceived need, concerns, and affordability scales had higher reports of any unintentional non-adherence.
Vincent Casey, water, sanitation and hygiene senior adviser at WaterAid, however warns these simple pumps must be managed well: "Despite the advantages of convenience and affordability, the scale of pumping is very difficult to regulate which inevitably has economic consequences when groundwater is depleted".
A five-item "Affordability barriers scale" [ 19] measured the extent to which treatment costs, concerns about loss of income due to time taken from work, and transport costs hampered treatment utilization.
In addition, Black African participants who had never accessed treatment had significantly higher scores on the "Affordability barriers" scale than their Coloured counterparts (t (553, N = 555) = 4.03, p < 0.001).
It is possible that the relatively homogenous responses of Black African participants on the affordability barriers scale compared to Coloured participants may have reduced the possibility of detecting any measurable association between these barrier variables and access for this population subgroup in multivariate analyses.
Since there are questions on the affordability of large-scale food supplementation interventions and whether or not to move from the routine iron folic acid supplementation to MMS, we examined if EMMS represented value for money.
They are – in terms of scale, power, affordability, reach, replicability – doing something that no-one else is doing.
Romney became the most vocal proponent of the so-called individual mandate (requiring nearly all residents to purchase insurance on a sliding scale of affordability), which Kennedy and progressive groups initially resisted but later warmed to, without heavy-handed pressure on the governor's part.
Without that, scale and affordability don't mean quite as much.
