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On the other hand, there was very high completion rate for the material affluence indicators.
Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce eighteen material affluence indicators to nine to construct the MAS.
In this study, a material affluence scale (MAS) was constructed using material affluence indicators which represent material living conditions in Ghanaian adolescents' reality.
Over all, only 80.7% of the adolescents completed parental SES measures information compared to 94.2% completion rate for the material affluence indicators.
It implies that 13.5 of those who could not provide information on the parental SES measures were able to provide information on the material affluence indicators.
Future studies wishing to use similar approach used in this study must bear in mind the need to consider material affluence indicators that are applicable to the study setting and also relevant at the time of study.
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A lower score indicates lower affluence and conversely, higher indices indicate greater affluence (possible range of 0.0 to 10.0) [ 38].
For the analyses, we used a three-point ordinal scale, where FAS = 1 indicated low affluence; FAS = 2 indicated middle affluence, and FAS = 3 indicated high affluence.
Today, expensive health food and the leisure time and money to use the gym with a personal trainer are often seen as indicators of affluence – but usually access to those resources results in a leaner, more muscular appearance.
Victimisation divides to date have only been examined for victimisation prevalence or risk (the likelihood of becoming a crime victim), and in relation to income or other indicators of affluence via the relative victimisation risk of the poor compared to the rich (Nilsson and Estrada 2006; Tilley et al. 2011).
Every household has a legal requirement to complete the census form, which contained 25 questions, the content ranging from age and sex of occupants to indicators of affluence such as adult employment and housing conditions.
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