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For this reason, tests with PARA are affected by the same factor (i.e., knowing or not knowing the expressions in the proposition) that affects tests with SYN.
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She correctly acknowledged that genetics partly affects test results, but there are also genetically influenced "spurts" and "lags" in mental development.
When anxiety affects test performance, it becomes a problem.
The mixture PD models are based on different assumptions on how PD affects test-taking behavior.
Iimura (2010b) examined whether repeating the question orally affects test takers' performance in a multiple-choice listening test.
Another line of research has shown that boredom negatively affects test-taking effort (e.g., Asseburg and Frey 2013).
Test anxiety also affects test takers' performance on foreign language tests, as shown by a study carried out by Tsai (2010).
Reliability also affects test impact by encouraging negative washback in exam preparation classes; however, test developers are not the only participants encouraging teaching to the test.
This paper reports an empirical study that examines how text type (genre) affects test takers' performance on summarization tasks.
Social and economic inequality, not just formal instruction, strongly affects test scores, and "achievement is known to vary significantly by socioeconomic class and race".
The choice of a gold standard affects test results of all other tests.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com