The phrase "affects captive" is not correct and does not convey a clear meaning in written English.
It may be intended to describe the impact on individuals who are held captive, but the phrasing is awkward and unclear.
Example: "The psychological trauma affects captive individuals in profound ways."
Alternatives: "impacts those held captive" or "influences captives."
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal, transmissible prion disease that affects captive and free-ranging deer, elk, and moose.
In addition to these new (or newly described) diseases of farmed sheep and cattle, CWD in cervids is an acquired, probably contagious disease that affects captive and free-ranging deer and elk populations primarily in North America (5 ).
Watch out for signs of red-leg, which is a potentially fatal illness that commonly affects captive frogs.
This preliminary study demonstrates the incorporation of chlamydospores of nematophagous fungus, as A flagrans appears highly promising for reduction of the infective stages of the strongyles affecting captive animals, but the experimental design precludes true determination of whether the treatment is fully efficacious.
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease affecting captive and free-ranging cervids (e.g. deer, elk, and moose).
However, it is likely that multiple factors led to its decline and eventual extinction, including competition with wild dogs introduced by European settlers, erosion of its habitat, the concurrent extinction of prey species, and a distemper-like disease that also affected many captive specimens at the time.
Inbreeding reduces genetic diversity, causes high mortality, and short life span (Ralls and Ballou 1983) and has affected a captive population of Przewalski's horse (Bouman and Bos 1979).
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), or a prion disease, of North American cervids (family Cervidae), currently affecting both captive and wild elk (Cervus elaphus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and moose (Alces alces).
Thus, it is possible that by promoting current reproductive output via direct benefits, future reproductive potential may be compromised; however, these effects are predicted in wild populations, and it is generally unknown how such relationships are affected by captive environments where key resources may not be limiting.
A post-mortem examination showed Jamilah died of an illness that affects both wild and captive elephants aged between one and four years of age.
As a disease, aspergillosis affects birds whether in captive or free-ranging environments, young and mature, and whether immunocompetent or immunosuppressed.
