Given the increasing need for early treatment interventions that prevent the development of affective vulnerability, our results underscore the importance of 5-HT2 receptors as potential therapeutic targets.
Understanding other symptoms in the context of cognitive dysfunction, such as fatigue, sleep disturbance, affective vulnerability and mood disorders might help determine how these symptoms contribute to the occurrence and persistence of cognitive impairment.
On the contrary, he encapsulates the shock associated with his new affective vulnerability in the evocative statement that "he couldn't have a heart attack 'cause he didn't have a heart," although credits this poetics to "somebody that knows me".
A multivariate technique, partial least squares (PLS) demonstrated a divergent Cg25-mediated network that differentiated temperamentally negative (NAS) from temperamentally positive (PAS) subjects providing a potential neural link between these specific combinations of trait affective styles and vulnerability to depression.
When applied to caring, the SE theory suggests that SE might determine carer outcomes by influencing how challenges are perceived (appraisals), coping behaviours (motivation/behaviour) and emotional vulnerability (affective state).
Davis et al. noted that fetal exposure to ACS had neurologic consequences that persisted for at least 6 to 10 years as manifested by thinner cortex measurements on MRI [ 12], with the regions most affected being those involved with affective disorders suggesting increased vulnerability to mental health issues.
Factors which appear to increase the risk of destabilization are: presence of mixed states [ 62, 63], subthreshold manic symptoms at baseline [ 64] and BD-I (versus BD-II) [ 65, 66], which suggests that different subpopulations may present different vulnerabilities to affective switching.
Though several potential rationales have been proposed to explain these differences in illness course and comorbidities, including varying levels of psychosocial stress in childhood and differential migration patterns according to genetic vulnerability of affective disorders, no single theory has been shown to possess significantly greater validity than others (Post et al. 2014).
Prior to the neurotransmitter role of 5-HT, it plays critical roles as a trophic factor modulating neuronal differentiation and growth, therefore it is conceivable that changes in 5-HT via altered levels of the serotonin transporter during critical periods of development alters brain function and increases vulnerability to affective disorders later in life [30].
Stress is one of the major contributors in increasing individual's vulnerability to affective disorders [ 38] and memory deficit [ 39].
