This observation may be helpful in not only refining interpretations of IGT and SMH results, but also clarifying the relationship between choice behavior, reasoning and affective operation.
In a further normative study challenging conceptual expectations, and suggestive of a differentiated operation of affective and cognitive perspective-taking, Silvern and colleagues [ 28] reported that, among 10 11 year-old boys, cognitive perspective-taking superiority was associated with relatively more severe antisocial behaviour.
Nevertheless, they seem to suggest a possibly distinct operation of cognitive and affective perspective-taking across diverse subgroups of children with conduct problems.
Consequently, the present study aims to investigate a possible heterogeneity of CD children and a distinct operation of cognitive and affective perspective-taking across CD subgroups.
These inconsistent findings across investigations seem to be the outcome of a substantial heterogeneity within children exhibiting conduct problems, possibly coupled with a distinct operation of cognitive and affective perspective-taking abilities.
Workload, performance and affective responses were measured.
These results suggest that attentional updating and monitoring and affective shifting are separable functions in the macaque, and that normal aging affects these mental operations independently.
For example, Zajonc (1980) unmistakably states that "affective judgments are fairly independent of, and precede in time, perceptual and cognitive operations" (p.1).
Recent studies have further suggested that affective improvements, which are well-reported with MT, may be mediated by improvements in nonaffective core cognitive-control operations of attention and working memory (see Goldin & Gross, 2010; Jha, Stanley, Kiyonaga, Wong & Gelfand, 2010).
