Cortico-limbic responses to masked affective faces across PTSD, panic disorder, and specific phobia.
An fMRI scan that included passive viewing of overt and covert affective faces and affective words was performed after each medication period.
The racially diverse affective expression (RADIATE) face stimulus set is designed to provide an open-access set of 1,721 facial expressions of Black, White, Hispanic and Asian adult models.
Four naïve research assistants (Cronbach's α = .83) rated each face for affective expression from 1 (Neutral) to 4 (Happy) to 7 (Very Happy), which showed no significant differences between the two groups: t(158) = 0.04, p = .97; none of the targets expressed emotions that did not fall along the spectrum between neutral and happy (e.g., disgust, fear, sadness, anger, surprise, or contempt).
Though there have been already some studies using this paradigm of virtual hand illusion to investigate the relationship between sense of ownership and the affective resonance in facing with different kinds of emotional events.
Notwithstanding the fact that 2C-B alters visual perception, our results underscore the issue that its unique profile in the affective processing of faces leads to further questions regarding the possible implications of other receptors, such as 5HT-2C, in this kind of process.
However, its influence with respect to the worsening of the affective perception of faces does not point to empathogenic qualities and, despite the slight effects observed in cardiovascular measurements, the result of the verbal fluency test is not typical of stimulants.
Most studies, however, which examined the effect of SSRI on the affective processing of faces have found that an acute administration of a single dose helped recognition of expressions of fear [ 69, 70] with a corresponding worsening at long term administration [ 71– 71].
Lastly, participation is fundamentally a collective experience amongst individuals - and often participation is understood as a convivial, face-to-face and affective experience amongst peers - as opposed to anonymous, disconnected or rationalized intercourse amongst strangers (for example, in a market).
Pain intensity is scored using an affective facial scale with faces ranging from showing no pain at all (face A) to the most severe pain (face I).
