The phrase "affecting underlying" is not correct and lacks clarity in written English.
It may be intended to describe something that influences or impacts foundational aspects, but it needs additional context to be meaningful.
Example: "The study revealed factors affecting underlying health conditions in the population."
Alternatives: "influencing fundamental" or "impacting core".
(It could also encourage people to register as unemployed, without affecting underlying labour supply).
There is evidence that various nutrients and phytochemicals (flavonoids) are associated with a reduced risk of these diseases by affecting underlying molecular mechanisms (Horia and Watkins 2005; Muñoz-Espada and Watkins 2006; Shen et al. 2004).
Unknown effects on roll and pitch stability may therefore be incurred, affecting underlying postural and locomotor muscle activity that in turn could account for a proportion of the increased metabolic cost.
Theoreticians, by contrast, are interested in understanding the variables that specifically affect underlying latent variables.
Natural biological factors such as aging and an individual's sex also affect underlying tissue biomechanics in different brain regions.
Therefore, exposure to environmental toxicants may affect underlying structural and functional aspects of the lung during a wide window.
First, they provide a means of assessing potential disease-modifying effects and differentiating these from symptomatic benefits that do not affect underlying pathological progression.
Second, due to defects of early design, we did not include patients of OA without osteoporosis, so here we cannot assess how the differences in severity of OA affect underlying bone in patients with or without osteoporosis.
Identifying causes of rate heterogeneity as well as specific variables that affect underlying mutation and substitution rates is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms that cause evolution of DNA sequences (reviewed in [ 7]).
Physiological variables that are continuous in reality are continuous in the model (e.g., blood pressure and glucose levels), time is continuous, symptoms are driven by underlying variables, tests measure underlying variables, treatments affect underlying variables, and outcomes are determined by the progression of the variables.
In clinical drug trials, it is appropriate to include as a covariate (a) any factor that is likely to differentially affect underlying rates of disease progression or (b) factors that are likely to differentially affect potential known mechanisms of action of the drug being studied or (c) both.
