The concentration affects the rate at which reacting molecules collide, a prerequisite for any reaction.
The old wind-chill charts were based on research in Antarctica in 1945, when scientists measured how wind affected the rate at which water froze.
In the purest test of reasoning, pupils were shown a pendulum and asked how to find out what affects the rate at which it swings.
If such particles exist, they would affect the rate at which Higgs bosons decay into other particles, but the CERN teams have yet to record what they consider a convincing deviation from the Standard Model predictions for those decays.
I'm not sure how such a shift would affect the rate at which evangelicals and conservative Catholics turn out for Republicans — that would be the big strategic risk, obviously.
There, having a variety of different particle sizes in the sediment of a stream will affect the rate at which it recovers from environmental damage, and also its eventual biological productivity.Similar ideas apply to marine environments.
Professor Andrew Shepherd, director of the multi-institution Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM), who is also from the University of Leeds, said: "Because ice losses from Greenland are a key signal of global climate change, it's important that we consider all factors that could affect the rate at which it will lose ice as climate warms.
And an economy may have highly profitable firms but ridiculously high levels of unemployment and poverty.Governments make decisions that affect the rate at which companies' incomes are apportioned between workers' wages, companies' profits, and the taxes paid by both to cover various social priorities, including education, unemployment insurance, health insurance, and so on.
The crossover rate, or probability of crossover, affects the rate at which crossover between parents occur.
The quantity and composition of what is available can affect the rate at which ecosystem processes progress.
