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Although these cations affect the speciation of carboxylate ligands, their overall influence on Pb and Zn speciation, in the model, is negligible.
When implementing water quality criteria (WQC) for metals in aquatic environments it is crucial to consider water chemistry parameters such as hardness, concentration of humic substances and pH, since these strongly affect the speciation of many metals [1 4].
Phenolics might affect the speciation of iron (Fe) by complexation and thus might increase the availability of P occluded by Fe-oxides [ 10].
The additives were chosen to investigate whether the addition of alkali (K2CO3) and alkaline-earth metal (CaCO3) would affect the speciation of phosphorus, so the molar ratios targeted in modified fuels were P K = 1 1 and P K Ca = 1 1 1, respectively.
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Present results show that IFS of alkali affects the speciation of dissolved water between H2Omol species and OH groups, as well as the OH bonding mechanisms in glasses, and hence, in melts at their Tg.
The most important factors affecting the speciation of arsenic are pH, alkalinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, the presence of other chemical species – iron, sulphur, phosphate –, a source of carbon, and the wetland substrate.
It follows, therefore, that the chemical composition of the melt, in terms of ionic radius of the alkali metal, not only affects the speciation of water between OH groups and H2Omol species (Fig. 7), but also affects the bonding of the OH groups with the quenched melt structure (Figs. 8 and 9).
pH affects the speciation of halophenols (Mun et al. 2008).
Many factors affect the speciation and transportation of uranium in soil and groundwater including minerals in soil, nature and amount of organic matter in soil, pH of soil and water, rate and direction of groundwater flow, and hydraulic gradient[9].
However, variability of test results may occur between different papers due to different experimental conditions, which may affect the speciation and thus, bioavailability of metals.
Flood immersion may result in anaerobic conditions in agricultural soils, which may in turn affect the speciation, degradation, and transport of selected contaminant types.
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