The phrase "affect the inference of" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when discussing how one factor or variable may influence the conclusions drawn from data or observations.
Example: "The new data may affect the inference of our previous findings, leading to a different conclusion."
Alternatives: "influence the conclusion of" or "impact the deduction of".
To study the evolution of bacteria, it is important to distinguish between vertical and non-vertical phylogenetic signals; the latter will affect the inference of phylogenetic relationships.
Defining simple corrections, we further illustrate how these effects could affect the inference of qualitative history of past populations, using the extinct Cave Bear from the Pleistocene period as an example.
We also note that sampling design can affect the inference of σ.
Because CpG sites are particularly prone to point mutations (64, 65), SNPs can affect the inference of DNA methylation.
To investigate whether natural selection on the PAL may affect the inference of population structure in C. taliensis, neutrality test was performed by analyzing the entire dataset.
We performed a power analysis to explore the possibility that cross-hybridization of non-target paralogs could affect the inference of paralogous expression profiles.
As recombination brings in far more base changes to an allele than mutation which adversely affects the inference of true phylogenetic relationships, we used a population genetic approach to divide the strains into 5 groups and established the evolutionary relationships of these groups.
Rearrangement of such branches affects the inference of events only minimally and locally.
The choice of normalization method is one of the primary factors that affects the inference of differential expression [ 18].
Another factor affecting the inference of speciation events are species extinctions, which are assumed to be either negligible [ 63] or to have occurred at random on the phylogeny [ 19, 64].
