The phrase "affect substantial" is not correct in written English.
It seems to be a misphrasing and lacks clarity in meaning.
Example: "The changes in policy will affect substantial improvements in our workflow."
Alternatives: "impact significant" or "influence considerable".
Under that test, a defendant has to show that an error not only "affects substantial rights" but also that it "seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings".
Tuberculosis and leprosy are mycobacterial diseases affecting substantial parts Africa, the Americas, South-East Asia, the Eastern Mediterranean and the Western Pacific Regions and together cause close to a million deaths every year.
Second, a newly released drive will typically take dozens of generations to affect a substantial proportion of a target population, unless drive-containing organisms are released in numbers constituting a substantial fraction of the population.
"This would clearly violate United States commitments in the W.T.O. and would affect very substantial interests of European companies," Mr. Lamy wrote in the letter, dated Monday.
I don't think one need subscribe to any quasi-mystical theories about how the conceptual world of ideas can affect the substantial world of everyday existence in order to agree that, in retrospect, this could be seen as practically begging for it.
These common mental disorders, however, include extremely wide-ranging group of conditions, from depression to post-traumatic stress disorder to substance abuse to eating disorders and more -- conditions that when considered in tandem, affect a substantial portion of the population.
In conclusion, this study suggests that drug stock-outs affect a substantial proportion of patients on cART in Abidjan, even though generic the fixed-dose recommended as first-line therapy in Côte d'Ivoire, stavudine/lamivudine/nevirapine, was always in stock.
These shifts will affect a substantial number of children at any given test threshold.
Nevertheless, the present results suggest that positive selection might affect a substantial number of genes during tumorigenic somatic evolution.
