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Twelve milliliters (1% final concentration) of inoculum were injected into a 1200 mL aerated (1 gas volume flow per unit of liquid volume per minute (vvm)), stirred (700 rpm) and heated (30°C) Applikon 1030 bioreactor (FT Applikon Ltd., Tewkesbury, UK) with a 2.3 L full working volume.
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Fig. 1 Diagram of dispersion of principal components PC-1 and PC-2, obtained from the concentration of aromatic compounds on the steady state of 0.02 vvm aerated (2) and non-aerated (0) S. cerevisiae continuous cultures fed with sterilized (SM) and non-sterilized (NS) media, supplemented (EL) or not (SE) with yeast extract.
Lung aeration compartments were calculated as percent of the total lung weight using the following Hounsfield unit (HU) thresholds [19]: hyper-aerated (−1000 to −901 HU), normally aerated (−900 to −501 HU), poorly aerated (−500 to −101 HU), non-aerated (−100 to +100 HU).
Fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) measurements in the near threshold regime and S N tests were conducted at a temperature of 90 °C in air, de-aerated 300 ppb Cl− solution and aerated 6 ppm Cl− solution.
The total lung volume was subdivided into over-aerated (OA, -1,000 to -900 Hounsfield units, HU), normally aerated (-900 to -500 HU), poorly aerated (PA, -500 to -100 HU) and non-aerated (NA, -100 to +100 HU) volumes as suggested previously [ 28, 29].
Pre-pitted and smooth specimens were tested in air and aerated 6 ppm Cl− solution.
The electrochemical behaviour of carbon steel coated with bis-[trimethoxysilylpropyl]amine (BTSPA) filled with silica nanoparticles in naturally aerated 0.1 mol L− 1 NaCl solutions was evaluated.
The electrochemical behavior of the two coatings was characterized by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott Schottky analysis in a naturally aerated 5 wt.% HCl solution.
Corrosion fatigue small crack growth rates have been determined for a 12Cr steam turbine steel in aerated 300 ppb Cl− and 300 ppb SO42− under simulated two-shifting conditions.
Electrochemical characterizations of the deposited films were performed in a standard very aggressive acidic solution (aerated 1N H2SO4 at 25 °C up to 168 h of immersion time) by means of direct current method (Tafel curves) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).
The effects of Nb alloying on the electrochemical behavior of the Ti5Si3 nanocrystalline coatings were systematically investigated in a naturally aerated 5 wt.% H2SO4 solution, for which various electrochemical techniques, including potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiostatic polarization and Mott Schottky analysis, were employed.
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