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Since no one would take on a Saudi billionaire in the plaintiff-friendly British court, Mahfouz never had to address the merits of the allegations against him in an adversarial proceeding.
By sharply limiting access to evidence and witnesses and by forbidding defense lawyers from participating in the hearings, he says, the alternative procedure fails to offer "even the most elemental aspects of an independent adversarial proceeding".
Arbitration, while less formal than court, is still an adversarial proceeding.
The first judge to rule on the mass phone metadata surveillance program in an adversarial proceeding called it "almost Orwellian" and "likely unconstitutional".
He concluded that lobbying the White House for a presidential pardon, as Mr. Rich's lawyers did, was not an adversarial proceeding and had no real opposition.
The Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals overturned the first conviction, holding that his lawyer's "conduct was so ineffective that we have no confidence that a reliable adversarial proceeding took place".
Similar(50)
But through this strange, adversarial court proceeding, its images remain.
"By their conduct and their admissions, the prosecutors turned this grand jury proceeding into an adversarial hearing; a mini-trial," the judge wrote.
The proceeding differs from the adversarial process of military criminal courts and evidentiary hearings in several respects.
Will proceed.
We proceeded.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com