It is easy to conceive that a parasite gains an advantage in the human body by exhibiting CRIT and diminishing the proinflammatory response.
However, to our knowledge, there is no other visual category that elicits such a large specific response, with a right hemisphere advantage, in the human adult brain.
Although the specific activity of both proteins in IFNα and IFNβ inhibition assays in vitro did not show major differences, a potential advantage in vivo in the human host cannot be excluded.
Although they do not have the authority to implement or enforce international law, NGOs have several advantages over state organizations in the human rights system.
Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis is a powerful approach that allows for the investigation of genomes and transcriptomes using limited sample material, and identification of disease-causing genes; other advantages include its abundance in the human genome and ease of high-throughput typing therapy [ 4].
Thus, this amino acid change would confer no advantage to a virus in the human respiratory tract.
In addition to a transmission advantage of mutant parasites in the human host through a higher gametocyte prevalence or density [20], [23], there may also be a selective advantage in the mosquito midgut, as was suggested for Pfcrt mutations [23].
Given the inherent advantages in employing a human protein, the simplicity of this intervention, and the quality of vision restored, we suggest that rod opsin merits consideration as an optogenetic actuator for treating patients with advanced retinal degeneration.
Although human disease modeling in flies may still be rather novel, recent advances in genetic tool design and genome sequencing now confer huge advantages in the fly system when modeling human disease.
Nanomedicine offers unique advantages in treating human cancers.
