Still, even with S≥L u, it can happen that the optimal solution (mathbf {C}_{u}^{text { opt)}}) has (text {rank }{mathbf {C}_{u}^{text { opt)}}} < L_{u}); this is likely to be the case at low signal-to-noise ratio SNR where the transmission of less than L u streams can provide an advantageous beamforming gain.
While, in some cases, the ability to integrate and excise foreign DNA may be selectively advantageous, the gain, loss, or rearrangment of gene cassettes could also be deleterious, selecting against functional integrases.
This is consistent with the hypothesis that such conversions are due to selection, and also the idea (predicted by the model) that although a GA box was present in these genes, it was more advantageous to gain a GC box de novo from the surrounding nonfunctional DNA than through direct conversion of the ancestral GA boxes.
Since Blacks in general are reluctant to participate in research for multiple reasons [ 2- 4, 8], it is logical to propose that multiple strategies with emphasis on flexibility would be advantageous to gain the cooperation of a large sample of Black participants [ 1, 13].
However, for many investors these items are chicken feed compared with the tax savings they'll realize from the reduction in the capital gains holding period: For assets sold during 1998, the holding period for the most advantageous capital gains rate has been shortened to 12 months from 18 months.
An identity may also be advantageous for gaining access to new opportunities, such as prestigious positions [ 2, 29].
Flexibility and multiple strategies proved advantageous in gaining the cooperation of Blacks, who are usually reluctant to participate in research studies.
The cells that by chance gain advantageous changes survive and form a new more-malignant subpopulation of cancer cells.
Another way to mark the difference between formal and substantive equality of opportunity on the one hand and level-the-playing-field (luck egalitarian) equality of opportunity on the other is to note that the former sets conditions on people fairly gaining advantageous positions in society but says nothing about the amount and kind of advantages that should attach to these positions.
Lavish diplomatic gifts presented to Asian rulers in the hope of gaining advantageous trade concessions arrived in impressive quantities every year on the Company's ships and were a principal means through which Western tastes were introduced into the region.
