The phrase "advanced breeding programs" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in contexts related to agriculture, animal husbandry, or genetics, where sophisticated techniques are employed to enhance breeding outcomes.
Example: "The research facility is known for its advanced breeding programs that aim to produce disease-resistant crop varieties."
Alternatives: "sophisticated breeding initiatives" or "enhanced breeding schemes".
Our results also suggest that (1) it might be possible to improve protocols and training for measuring stem defects, (2) breeders should monitor the among-site relationships between growth and stem defects in advanced generation breeding programs, and (3) low-defect genotypes should be identified and archived so they are available for future breeding.
Finally, whilst the production of transgenic trees is a rapidly evolving area within this field, the potential for such improvements that is provided by advanced poplar breeding programs should also not be overlooked.
The Closed panel comprises lines from the advanced cycle breeding program (elite × elite) with a relatively closed pedigree, i.e., few new founders were introduced after 1958 when the strategy was initiated (Condón et al. 2008; Condón et al. 2009).
Interestingly, these two traits (AA and ME) for which the greatest increases have been achieved in this advanced cycle breeding program, and for which the most genes have fixed their expression during the breeding program, are also the ones associated with the greatest number of specific target genes for future improvements.
A total of 450 maize lines (382 fixed inbred parental lines and 68 advanced breeding lines) from CIMMYT breeding programs in Kenya and Zimbabwe were used in this study (Additional file 1: Table S1).
In the present study, we enhanced the marker repertoire in chickpea by developing a set of 181 novel STMS markers from a microsatellite-enriched library, thereby providing researchers with advanced genomic resources for genomics-assisted breeding programs.
The advanced breeding lines can be obtained directly from the breeding programs as noted in Table S1.
Atlantic salmon breeding programs are the most advanced of all aquaculture species and routinely incorporate genomic information to construct pedigrees, and to improve selection accuracy via marker-assisted or genomic selection [ 3].
Three hundred and nine two advanced breeding lines or released varieties were collected from many irrigated rice breeding programs in different countries to represent the diversity within the elite breeding gene pools for irrigated ecosystem (see Additional file 1: Table S1., Liang et al. 2015).
