We assessed the safety and efficacy of peginterferon beta-1a after 48 weeks of treatment in the placebo-controlled phase of the ADVANCE trial, a study of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
In the ADVANCE trial, cognitive dysfunction increased the risk of hypoglycemia (hazard ratio 2.1).
The ADVANCE trial enrolled subjects from 20 countries in Asia, Australasia, Europe, and North America.
Costs were normalized for sustained virological response (SVR) derived from results of the ADVANCE trial [ 9].
The ADVANCE trial, although not finding a reduction of macrovascular endpoints, could show a reduction of diabetic nephropathy [ 8].
Thus, the ADVANCE trial had a much smaller proportion of patients on insulin than ACCORD or VADT.
4, 5 The ADVANCE trial started with fewer overweight patients with an average BMI of 28 kg/m.
The EQ-5D was administered to all patients in the ADVANCE trial, from the 20 participating countries.
7 The ADVANCE trial showed a 21% relative risk reduction for nephropathy when targeting intensive glycaemic control, whereas this could not be shown in ACCORD.
Since the ADVANCE trial did not show any increase in mortality in the intensive glycemic control arm, examining the differences between ADVANCE and ACCORD supports additional hypotheses.
The ADVANCE trial found that tight glucose control in type 2 diabetes resulted in no change in the incidence of retinopathy or macrovascular complications (29).
