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Presumably Joan Crawford's adoptive offspring were unavailable.
For comparative purposes, we also correlated self-rated intellectual ability with parental social status for the genetic and the adoptive offspring.
Consistent with the hypothesis that genes influence both occupational-related preferences and social status, higher average correlations were found between several of these preferences and parental status for the genetic offspring than for the adoptive offspring.
Only one of these measures—high school class rank was correlated to a significantly greater degree with parental social status among the genetic offspring than among the adoptive offspring.
Adoptive offspring of mothers with high or low levels of grooming and nursing have predictable differences in DNA methylation at a glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter in the hippocampus [ 32].
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For dual adoptive transfers, CD44loCD4+ cells from offspring of TCDD- or vehicle-treated dams were combined and co-transferred (i.e., recipients received 2.5 × 10 cells from each donor; 200 μL total volume).
In addition, transmission of COPD from adoptive parents to their non-biological offspring would be explained by family environment rather than genetic factors.
The adopted son married his adoptive sister.
Additionally, we examined the familial risk of COPD in offspring with COPD in biological and adoptive parents.
In the dual adoptive transfer experiments, naive (CD44lo) CD4+ T cells from offspring developmentally exposed to TCDD (CD90.2+CD45.2+) or vehicle (CD90.2+CD45.1+) were combined in a 1 1 ratio and transferred into unexposed congenic recipients (CD90.1+CD45.2+) to ascertain whether triggering AhR during development causes intrinsic changes in CD4+ T cells.
Thus, offspring might be diagnosed before biological and/or adoptive parents in order not to misclassify parents who are later diagnosed with COPD.
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