Adopting the approximation parameters of six-mode AMC scheme for packet length from [4, Table ], we choose the maximum allowed packet error probability for the secondary link as.
We here adopt the approximation of e x by e x ≈ 1+x, and it holds the following result [31], E e j x - ( 1 + j x ) ≤ E j x 2 2 = E x 2 2 (58).
For disease traits, BiForce adopts the approximation step implemented in BOOST (Wan et al., 2010) as a default option to accelerate the exhaustive genome scan, which can be dismissed when necessary (i.e. using only log-likelihood ratio tests in the exhaustive scan).
if b > 0 ( b < 0 resp .. Being the discrete Poisson processes still very difficult to analyze, many authors in the literature [3 5, 7 9] have adopted the diffusion approximation where the synaptic current is approximated by a continuous in time stochastic process of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type with the same mean and variance as the Poissonian spike-train process.
On the other hand, Maingé [7] adopted the viscosity approximation method for a fixed point problem of a single quasinonexpansive mapping; Wongchan and Saejung [8] extended Maingé's result [7].
We have therefore adopted the "uniform approximation" analytical method, which is similar to the method used by Lundborg and Thide 1986, to derive accurate approximations for the variation of the ( overrightarrow{E} ) of both the O and the extraordinary (X -mode characteristic waves.
Since the sheath thickness in the E F region ionosphere proved to be longer than or comparable to the probe radius, we have adopted the thick sheath approximation to obtain an analytical formula of the ion current Ii (8) where Ti, mi and erfc(x) represent the ion temperature, ion mass and the complementary error function, respectively (Chen, 1965; Maassberg and Isensee, 1981).
By adopting the inner approximation method (see, e.g., [30]), our strategy is to iteratively approximate function F by a concave function F that possesses the following two crucial properties: It matches the nonconcave objective function F at (x,y, i.e., begin{array}{*{20}l} F^{ kappa)}left(x^{ kappa }, y^{ kappa)}right) &= Fleft(x^{ kappa }, y^{ kappa)}right).
The approach adopted involves the approximation of g(R) by a polynomial p(r), obtained by truncating a Taylor series.
The moving least-squares (MLS) method is adopted for the approximation of the physical quantities in the LIEs.
