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An agent ought not to adopt an option unless there are worlds at which it is arbitrarily close to achieving minimal disutility.
We will state it here precisely: Naive Dominance A rational agent will not adopt an option when there is another option that has lower disutility at all worlds.
And surely it is irrational to adopt an option if there is another that you know a priori to be better.
Undominated Dominance A rational agent will not adopt an option that is strongly dominated by an option that is not itself even weakly dominated.
Here's our first putative norm of standard decision theory (van Fraassen 1983: 297): Possibility of Vindication A rational agent will not adopt an option that has no possibility of attaining minimal disutility, when such a minimum exists.
Let's recall the version of the principle to which Joyce appeals in his original paper: Naive Dominance A rational agent will not adopt an option when there is another option that has lower disutility at all worlds.
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However, this is a situation in which adopting an option influences the way the world is in such a way that it affects the utility of the option, just as choosing whether or not to practise does in Driving Test.
So, in this paper, we adopt a third option.
What is on the table is a demand to adopt a specific option or reject it and pay the price of a diminished global identity, a weakening of your nation's supremacy.
The uncertainty surrounding the decision to adopt a given treatment option as a cost-effective treatment at different levels of willingness to pay will be represented in acceptability curves.
To manage ERP investment in a changing environment for high payoff, this paper adopts a real option theoretic method.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com