Thus we have seen a wide range of political and propaganda campaigns that have been accompanied by legal and pseudo-legal administrative measures, including stringent new vetting procedures intended to disqualify prominent reform candidates in Tehran and other big cities.
Administrative measures, including appraisal of excellent performance, redefining vaccination areas based on a 10 kilometers radius and/or 15,000 inhabitants rather than revenue circles, and making flexible vaccination field plans should be instituted.
Administrative measures included registered nurse (RN) skill mix and three versions of nursing hours per patient day (HPPD); nurse-reported measures included RN-reported number of assigned patients and RN-perceived staffing adequacy.
Administrative measures included all initiatives taken by institutional managers about the structures and systems in place to curtail tuberculosis transmission.
Hence these administrative measures include among others the establishment of relevant committees, the appointment of staff members to guide the infection control efforts, the provision and keeping of relevant registers, the development, implementation and review of tuberculosis control plans [ 20].
Administrative measures include triaging and cohorting of patients suspected to have TB, intensified TB case finding among patients with symptoms and risk factors for TB, early initiation of antituberculous treatment (ATT), and early discharge of patients infected with TB among others.
Such practices include the use of various measures, including administrative, engineering, and work practice controls.
In addition, the European Union Directive on Public Access to Environmental Information [17] defines environmental information to include "measures (including administrative measures), such as policies, legislation, plans, programmes, environmental agreements, and activities affecting or likely to affect the elements and factors".
A hierarchy of control measures, including administrative, engineering, and environmental controls and personal protection measures, has been recommended to reduce nosocomial TB risk (2, 3, 5, 6 ).
Policymakers have also been more sophisticated, targeting selected sectors with administrative restrictions while shifting to market-based measures, including last October's increase in interest rates, to rein in money and credit growth.
Within days of the appearance of SARS, other countries, including Canada, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and Singapore instituted restrictive health measures, including large-scale quarantine, to prevent the further spread of the disease.
