The ministry coordinates regional administrations with the central government.
Today's action replaces those administrations with ordinary dioceses, a move that already had occurred in Eastern Europe after Communism fell.
Mr. Dittelman's expertise was valued by both Republican and Democratic administrations with which he worked, said several municipal officials.
Mr. Dion was recognized by both Republican and Democratic administrations with one of the Justice Department's highest honors, the John Marshall Award for Outstanding Achievement.
By winning control of a region, the FN will for the first time be governing administrations with populations in the millions.
But it is especially so in this case, because it involves sanctions and coincides with a change in administrations with differing views.
The gradual decline in support for the two big parties, the Conservatives and Labour, means further coalitions or administrations with small majorities are likely.
Budget policy was orchestrated almost exclusively by the O.M.B. in the Bush and Reagan administrations, with relatively little coordination or cooperation across departments.
The TIWB toolkit contains extensive advice and provides host administrations with detailed guidance on how conflicts of interest can arise, as well as how they should be avoided".
Turkey has a long history of coups but Erdoğan's Islamist-leaning government was believed to be in a stronger position than previous civilian administrations, with the president's position shored up during a decade of economic success.
Once claimed, such powers tend to be used in ways that nobody quite anticipated, and the logic behind these regulations could be applied in equally punitive ways by administrations with very different values from this one.
