Although multiple administration of time-dependent antimicrobials at standard daily dosage might be useful in clinically stable patients, this may not suffice in patients with glomerular hyperfiltration and/or with infections with borderline susceptible bacterial strains.
These include administration of time-dependent antimicrobials via extended (for example, over a period of 3 to 4 hours) or continuous infusion, as compared with traditional intermittent infusions (for example, over a period of 30 minutes), or altering doses based on both patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters and the MIC of the target organism (also known as dual individualization) [ 3, 4].
After oral bolus administration of enrofloxacin, a time dependent shift in enrofloxacin concentration was observed along the intestinal tract.
19 20 During complete circulatory arrest and in the absence of a shockable rhythm, the administration of epinephrine would logically be a time dependent intervention.
In Tet off cells, administration of CHX (50 μg/mL) caused a remarkable decrease of Smad3 in a time dependent manner (Fig. 1C and 1D).
Taken together, the administration of kanamycin causes time-dependent hearing loss and pronounced damage of OHCs.
In healthy donors upon two-time LPS stimulation IgGAM incubation resulted in a significant decrease of TNFα secretion administration in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner.
Real-time bioluminescence monitoring revealed that PTH reset the circadian rhythm of the Per2::Luc activity in the femurs in an administration time-dependent and dose-dependent manner.
It remained present after adjusting for paracetamol administration as a time-dependent variable.
Time dependent uptake of glycylsarcosine into ocular tissues was studied at 5, 10, 15 and 30 min. Competitive inhibition studies were performed by intravenous administration of [3H] glycylsarcosine with and without various inhibitors.
For example, Kumar et al observed a negative and time dependent effect on mortality related to a delayed administration of antibiotics in patients in septic shock.
