In what one racing commentator described as "one of the biggest doping scandals of modern times," Mahmoud Al Zarooni, one of Godolphin's top trainers, admitted responsibility for administering the drugs in what he said was a "catastrophic error".
When Armstrong decided in August not to contest the agency's charges that he doped, administered doping products and encouraged doping on his Tour-winning teams, he agreed to forgo an arbitration hearing at which the evidence against him would have been aired, possibly publicly.
Three days later, Zarooni was banned for eight years for a total of 15 doping offences, having admitted to BHA investigators that he had administered the banned drugs to four more horses that had not been tested.
The three men named on Tuesday have been sanctioned for possessing, trafficking and administering doping products, and being involved in the cover-up of their use.
Police Athletic League administers the project.
The Interior Department administers the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
The American Arbitration Association administered the vote.
(The DHHS administers the IHS).
Accordingly, Mr. Armstrong has received a lifetime period of ineligibility for his numerous anti-doping rule violations, including his involvement in trafficking and administering doping products to others.
At the 1999 Tour, del Morale finally made it clear that he was administering doping products to riders.
