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After adjustment of potential confounders, moderate headache intensity was correlated with actual disability (odds ratio [OR]: 4.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46 13.27), while an inverse association was observed between no aggravation by routine activity and actual disability (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.12 0.88).
The interaction terms did not change after adjustment of potential confounders such as age, bed net use, forest activity and wealth (data not shown).
Important social and demographic factors including gestational age were also available for adjustment of potential confounding effects.
In the multivariate model, statistically significant associations in the chi-square test were analyzed under adjustment of potential confounders (sex, age, maturation, presence of NAFLD and HOMA-IR).
The questionnaire comprised the same items as the self-triage card supplemented with questions about partners, sexual behavior, drug use and sexual problems for adjustment of potential confounders.
After adjustment of potential confounders, the use of CF catheter was found to be associated with a lower AF recurrence (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04 0.94, P = 0.04).
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In a systematic review by Al Sayah et al. [ 4], on the role of health literacy in individuals with diabetes they concluded that "the discrepant results of the relationship between health literacy and several health outcomes in people with diabetes might be caused by over-adjustment of potential confounders" [ 4].
We made stepwise adjustments of potential confounders in the data analysis.
The descriptive characteristics of the commuting participants, based on self-reports, yielded a very homogeneous picture, with few distinctions of characteristics allowing for adjustments of potential confounders.
Some epidemiologic studies have several strengths including prospective designs (Staessen et al. 2000); many studies, however, have been limited by small sample sizes, lack of adjustment for potential confounders, lack of standardization of blood pressure measurements, or other methodologic limitations.
We examined the effect of different degrees of adjustment for potential confounders on the association of bulky DNA adduct levels on birth weight.
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