Face validity was established by adjusting question wording until at least 85% of students responded by describing one or more specific characteristics of scientists.
These answers and comments are analysed and used by the expert group to adjust questions if necessary.
Therefore, we adjusted the question into "Do you have problem when putting on or taking off socks or shoes".
We adjusted this question to include "due to your sleepiness", to shift the focus of this item to the patient's own potential problems due to OSA.
After cognitive interviews, the questionnaire was adjusted and questions were added or rephrased where necessary.
The interview protocols were planned as a loose list of themes and questions, interviewers continually adjusting their questions to the specific leads of the interview and pursuing unpredictable emergent data.
However, in keeping with the methodology of a semi structured interview (Berg and Lune, 2012) the authors began the interview with a pre-defined question and then adjusted the subsequent questions according to the flow of the interviewee's narrative.
We recommend that researchers follow this advice of Arksey and O'Malley and Levac et al. to reduce the need to adjust their question to fit the methodology (Additional file 1).
By contrast, a number of qualitative methods involve constantly analysing the data as it is collected and adjusting the questions posed so that the researcher can refine the questions to test out new concepts in subsequent interviews [ 12- 14].
They note the sharp difference between the same EU referendum question, adjusted to the same weights, in their online and phone polls, between a dead heat online and a 21-point lead for "Remain" on the phone.
