Therefore, model 1 was adjusted for examination date, in addition to age, sex, race [defined by parents: mestizo (e.g., mix of indigenous and white, mestizo with mestizo), indigenous, black, or white], and height-for-age z-score.
a Spearman correlation coefficients have been adjusted for examination age; b Odds ratios, calculated in logistic regression models that control for examination age, summarize the increased risk for early (<12 y) vs later (≥ 12 y) menarche associated with a Z-score difference of 1 unit.
Examination scores were adjusted for examiner stringency and it was shown that for the present pass mark, the outcome for 95.9% of candidates would be unchanged using adjusted marks, whereas 2.6% of candidates would have passed, even though they had failed on the basis of raw marks, and 1.5% of candidates would have failed, despite passing on the basis of raw marks.
Furthermore, we adjusted for screening examination (chest radiograph, gastric radiograph, gastrointestinal endoscopy, fecal occult blood test, barium enema, colonoscopy for men and women, mammography, and Papanicolaou smear for women) and nuclear family (father, mother, brothers, and sisters) history of any cancer, but the results did not substantially change.
We adjusted for season of examination by categorizing the months of examination into seasons; December, January and February winterr); March, April and May springg); June, July and August summerr); September, October and November (autumn) [ 12].
However, the previous analysis only adjusted for age at examination without considering the effect of the year at examination.
Mean serum glucose was adjusted for age at examination and BMI.
Analyses were adjusted for age at examination and for bacteria and viruses present in the same sample in the respective analyses of independent effects.
DXA trunk-to-peripheral fat mass ratio was lower in boys than in girls (0.57 [0.10] vs. 0.59 [0.10], P = 0.04) In boys and girls combined, mean weight or BMI, adjusted for age at examination, sex, and maternal race/ethnicity, did not greatly differ across the categories of gestational glucose tolerance (Table 1).
Normal-weight individuals who were unfit (lowest one-third) had a higher risk of all-cause (hazard ratio 1.70 [95% CI 1.32 2.18]) and CVD (1.88 [1.13–3.10]) mortality compared with the normal-weight and fit (upper two-thirds) reference group in a model adjusted for age, sex, examination year, and multiple risk factors.
We used three levels of adjustment: (i) adjusted for age, population and attending examination in a clinic (Model 1); (ii) adjusted for age, population, attending examination in a clinic and socioeconomic status indicators (Model 2) and (iii) adjusted for age, population, attending examination in a clinic, socioeconomic status indicators and health behaviours (Model 3).
