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The major difference reported between the 2 types of EPEC is the presence of the adherence factor (EAF) plasmid encoding the bundle forming pilus (BFP) in typical EPEC strains [42].
Interestingly, since endolysin activity has been shown to be required for PblB surface expression in S. mitis [33], surface expression of this potential adherence factor could be indirectly elevated in the lungs and blood due to endolysin activity, despite little difference in pblB expression between niches.
Cell surface expression of the epithelial adherence factor E-Cadherin also decreased.
EPEC also differ from EHEC in that they typically carry an EPEC adherence factor plasmid (EAF).
EAF, enteropathogenic E. coli adherence factor; –, nontypable with the primers tested.
Both strains also tested probe positive for the EPEC adherence factor plasmid, which is associated with localized adherence.
Similar(29)
This phylogenetic group express a functional serine protease autotransporter (SPATE) and adherence factors.
SpeB cleavage of the adherence factors M protein and protein F1 is thought to reduce both bacterial and host cell-to-cell interactions [25] [27].
In particular, the expression of some metabolic enzymes, transporters and adherence factors appeared to exhibit preferential expression in niches associated with IPD.
Bacteria-host interactions depend not only on bacterial motility, but also on bacterial adherence factors such as lectins, and the surface composition of the host cell, including the degree and type of glycosylation [2], [23].
Protein-carbohydrate interactions have been identified as adherence factors for numerous commensal and pathogenic bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa[3], [4], [5], Helicobacter pylori [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] and Escherichia coli [11].
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