Insulin resistance describes the failure of target tissues to respond adequately to circulating insulin.
For instance, under IR conditions, fat and muscle cells fail to adequately respond to circulating insulin, which results in reduced glucose uptake, and subsequently higher glucose levels in blood [ 10, 11].
3 Adequately responding to and managing circulating glucose requires an assortment of elements, including an ongoing assessment of pharmacology, nutritional interventions, and monitoring.
Owing to this effect and to a consequent failure to adequately take up and buffer circulating FFAs, plasma concentration of FFAs was raised in old DIO rats, leading to lipid redistribution and to ectopic lipid accumulation in lean tissues.
17 While such studies may be useful in demonstrating efficacy, recent high-profile studies highlight the risks inherent in assuming that a single circulating biomarker can adequately capture all of the relevant consequences of manipulating a complex biological system.
Thus, while circulating cefazolin levels appeared adequately high (corresponding to the highest MIC values measured in the oral bacterial cultures), the cefazolin levels in the saliva and bronchial secretions of the patients fell below 0.5 mg/L.
Due to a paucity of adequately sized studies, the genetic determinants of circulating AMH levels are poorly characterized.
This investigation was based on the assumption that patients with adequately treated thyroid cancer should not have circulating Tg-mRNA-producing cells, nor should individuals without thyroid cancer.
In contrast, in the HER2/neu-positive group circulating epithelial cells did not respond adequately to chemotherapy, but a large proportion of the tumours in ultimately exhibited complete response to the entire therapy (including chemotherapy and antibody therapy).
However some individuals lack the underlying genetic program to adequately adapt [2], in which case insulin responses to circulating glucose progressively deteriorate, resulting in the development of type 2 diabetes.
