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The reasons for why far-away cities become violent at the same time are unclear, since the study doesn't address causation.
This study was not designed to address causation of this trend, but we would like to mention that in 2007 we started the introduction of a fleet administration and coordination system.
While we see an association, it doesn't address causation, which is best studied using a longitudinal and not a cross-sectional design.
First, by examining cross-sectional relationships between metabolite levels and various clinical phenotypes, our study is unable to address causation.
These types of assessments do not primarily address causation of condition but summarize the status and trends of selected indicators (Suter 2001).
Similar(55)
To address reverse causation, we reviewed the circumstances of all deaths, and weaning was only classified to have occurred if breastfeeding had ceased before the illness that preceded the child's death, and not as a result of that illness.
To address reverse causation, we excluded the first 3 years of follow-up.
Analyses were repeated, excluding deaths in the first 3 years to address reverse causation.
To further address reverse causation, we performed a fixed analysis; none of these analyses changed the risk of cancer in general by more than 10%.
Our study revealed a strong association of P. copri with RA, that, along with our metagenomic findings, should set the stage for future broader human studies (for replication and validation purposes) and, concomitantly, for mechanistic experiments aimed at gaining insights to address possible causation.
As studies on LPA and APOC3 variants have established a causal link between their respective lipoprotein biomarker and increased risk of CV disease, [ 5, 6, 20, 22, 23] leveraging genetic data as an instrumental variable for CKD risk would more fully address reverse causation and exclude other confounders.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com