Multimorbidity results in complex disease patterns that may have multiplicative, and not merely additive, consequences on health outcomes; and could diminish patients' ability to manage their condition and enact behavior changes that may be required to improve health.
An important implication of this postulate is that, in studies evaluating several of these hormones, it would be worth considering assessing their additive consequences for breast cancer risk (e.g. by expressing each of these hormones in terms of the corresponding standard deviates).
In conclusion, this study provides evidence that genetic and conventional cardiovascular risk factors tend to have additive consequences on CHD, an issue that may be of preventive importance when genetic predisposition could not be assessed through an ad hoc genetic risk score but simply through a positive family history.
As a consequence of this additive effect, response latencies were faster for purely verbal audiovisual pairs (VV in Table 1) relative to all other conditions.
Efficacies of sensitization were determined by comparing the decrease in cell viability following combination treatments (i.e. drug in combination with TRAIL) to the reduction in cell viability as a consequence of the additive effect of single-agent treatments (drug alone + 10 ng/mL TRAIL alone).
As a consequence, delirium has no additive effect in the predictive value of the APACHE-II score.
This indicates an additive effect.
c) What is the mechanism (e.g., toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic) and consequence (e.g., additive, less than additive, more than additive) of the mixture's interactive effects on exposed populations?
In partial support of this hypothesis, they showed [ 30] that maternal hyperglycemia due to GCK mutations was associated with an increased birth weight that was a consequence of additive effects of the maternal and the fetal GCK genotype.
Longer flowering durations of individuals may also alter patterns of assortative mating, with potential consequences for additive genetic variation within the population, depending on whether synchrony among individuals is maintained or increased46,47.
As a consequence of the additive homomorphism, any cipher text E pk ( m ) raised to the power c results in a new encryption of m · c as D pk E pk ( m ) c = m · c.
