N and CH3 CPMG experiments (Lundström et al., 2007b; Vallurupalli et al., 2007) on apoSOD12SH allow characterization of two additional millisecond timescale processes, referred to as processes III and IV.
Additional millisecond timescale processes have been characterized using Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) relaxation dispersion NMR (Carr and Purcell, 1954; Meiboom and Gill, 1958; Palmer et al., 2000) that takes advantage of the increase in effective transverse relaxation rates of NMR spins (R2,eff) resulting from stochastic fluctuations between protein conformations.
Spectral analyses of both the raw and filtered tree-ring δ18O and NPGO index showed similar variations on both multiyear and decadal timescales (Additional file 2: Figure S2, Additional file 3: Figure S3).
We tested whether the measured associations between each pair of infections were related to the biological similarity between them, based on four characteristics: taxonomy, transmission, tropism, and timescale (see Additional file 1 : Supplementary Information S2 for details).
The filopodia of Y27632-treated cells were less linear, remained extended over a longer timescale; see Additional file 5, movie 3), and had reduced fascin-1 intensity along the length of each filopodium.
On a short timescale, these additional sources of depolarization contribute to the excitability of the cell, and together with place-related drive can explain the reverse-order activation during eSWRs.
Thus, drop impacting on the membrane yields significant liquid compression in ∼μs timescale to cause additional water hammer pressure.
After an additional drift on the superslow timescale, the transition occurs at a SN bifurcation of a spiking branch of the fast-slow subsystem of the Jasinski model ((mathrm{SN}_{2}) in Figs. 7 and 10).
A further increase in the FRAP timescale yielded no additional effects, suggesting that the remainder of the paxillin-YFP population (∼20%) is immobile for at least several minutes.
Co-occurring pairs tended to share each characteristic (separate Mantel tests with 100 repetitions: tropism 0.19 ± 0.14, transmission 0.12 ± 0.11, taxonomy 0.15 ± 0.13, timescale 0.18 ± 0.17, Additional file 1 : Figure S4).
