Additional sludge aliquots were tested immediately in the lab for nitrifying activity.
During this period, no additional sludge was applied and the height, number of leaves and leaf area were counted at every 10 days interval.
Due to a high water absorption and poor dispersibility of paper sludge, the CLSM made with additional paper sludge exhibited a relatively low flowability and a reduction in strength.
A protective wall has been built in Kolontar to shield the area from additional red sludge spills.
Additional activated sludge was used for day 0 chemical analysis and DNA-based molecular methods and t = 0 data represents initial conditions of the experiment and water quality for the activated sludge.
However, much greater differences were found between the aerobic AgNP treated sludge and the anaerobic Ag+ sludge (Additional file 1: Figure SI.6).
Compared with the gut microbiomes (like bovine rumen [ 2, 14], termite hindgut [ 4] and tammar wallaby [ 3]), comparable abundance of oligosaccharides-degrading enzymes was observed in sludge systems, respectively, 66.0 and 67.2 % for sludge and gut microbiomes, suggesting the importance of cellulosic biomass hydrolysis in sludge (Additional file 1: Table S4).
Alpha- N-acetylgalactosaminidase (GH109), multifunctional alpha-amylase (GH13), and endoglucanase (GH74) were the most frequent glycoside hydrolases across sludge habitats implying the common capability of glycoprotein and alpha-/beta- linked polysaccharides breakdown in sludge (Additional file 1: Table S3).
Additionally, for the silver nitrate concentration of 0.4 mg/L, 87% to 100% of the silver remained in the sludge (Additional file 5: Table S6).
However, the N-cycle was inhibited by NM-300K concentrations of 2.5 to 9.0 mg/kg dry soil, and a concentration-effect relationship was detected, similarly to manually spiked sludge (Additional file 8: Figure S2).
