In 2013, a construction company excavated an additional canal (the canal-trench; approximate length, width, and depth 300, 1, and 0.5 m, respectively) as a tentative drainage for field restoration (Fig. 4).
A sudden change in radiographic density of the root canal space usually indicates an additional canal or a canal bifurcation [ 4].
Under the microscope, identification and initial instrumentation of an additional canal are aided by fine, hand held instruments like the Micro-Orifice Opener (Maillefer, Dentsply).
Those complicated and challenging cases including calcified canal, bifurcated canal and additional canal that could not be located without high-power magnification should be referred to an endodontic specialist for a better success rate.
Tactile examination of all the walls of the major canal with the tip of a small, precurved scouting K-file is recommended, in order to probe for a catch, which may indicate the orifice of an additional canal.
The presence of an additional canal should be suspected whenever an instrument demonstrates an eccentric direction on deeper penetration into the canal, termed directional control, as reported by Green [ 22].
In the first type of development, much of the stem's volume is parenchyma, with one central mucilage canal is located in the pith, and eight additional mucilage canals in the inner cortex (Fig. 2a).
In Triadan 11s an additional root canal within the elongated distal root was seen in teeth >8 years.
Anastomosis of the rectosigmoid was performed from the anus under direct visual inspection using the circular stapler.A presacral drainage tube was placed from the perineum and an additional drainage canal was placed in the anus.
