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Additional arteries can, in turn, be divided into two categories according to how they attain the kidney: hiliar, entering at the hilium, and polar, reaching at the pole [39].
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An additional anastomotic artery may be present within the infrapatellar synovial fold connecting the medial genicular artery and the middle or superior horizontal artery.
The "worst case scenario" of bilateral ICA occlusion or even additional vertebral artery pathology may also result in possible misinterpretation.
In particular, it may be appropriate to review a patient's cardiovascular disease risk factor management and consider whether or not additional coronary artery imaging such as CT angiography is indicated if their VFA image shows a 24 point scale AAC score of ≥5 or an AAC-8 score of ≥3.
The genetic substudy of the randomised controlled ACTIVE A trial was excluded because it was conducted in patients with atrial fibrillation and did not provide a genetic subgroup analysis for patients with additional coronary artery disease at baseline.
Chronic changes were mucoid changes and onion skin lesions of arterioles and/or arteries (Additional file 2, Figure S2C).
The medial thickening of the myocardial arteries (Additional file 1: Figure S8C) is similar to the one previously described for the subset of ACTA2 mutations predisposing to CAD [ 7].
The acute lesion was defined as the presence of at least one fibrin microthrombus (conformed by fibrin and CD61 staining), either in glomeruli, or in small arterioles and/or arteries (Additional file 2, Figure S2A, B).
The descending palatine artery provides additional branches, named as lesser palatine arteries, which enters the palate through the lesser palatine foramen to supply the soft palate [ 19, 20].
However, the available literature describes a rare condition in dogs with an additional right coronary artery (a. coronaria dextra accessoria).
Therefore, especially in the adult group, an additional underlying coronary artery disease or e.g. postinflammatory changes causing different patterns of LGE described in LVNC patients have to be excluded to be sure that the macroscopic LGE is indeed an intrinsic finding of LVNC and not an epiphenomenon caused by other coexisting diseases.
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